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necessary experiments; T.Z. and J.Z.X. performed the bioinformatics analysis;

H.Z., M.G., and S.C. analyzed data; and H.Z., S.C., J.G., Q.Q., and T.E. wrote

the manuscript.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

The authors have filed a patent entitled, ‘‘AP-1 inhibitors for precision therapy

of diabetic patients.’’

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

S.C. is funded by The New York Stem Cell Foundation (R-103), American Dia-

betes Association (1-12-JF-06), and Tri-institutional Starr Stem Cell Grant

(2014-030). S.C. is a New York Stem Cell Foundation-Robertson Investigator.

T.Z. is funded by a NYSTEM postdoctoral fellowship. A.S.Y. and L.Y. are sup-

ported by NIH HL078960 (to L.Y.) and AHA grant 16GRNT26430113 (to L.Y.).

J.G. was supported by ‘‘Biomedical Research Program’’ funds at Weill Cornell

Medical College in Qatar, a program funded by Qatar Foundation. Q.Q. is sup-

ported by a Scientist Development Award (K01HL129892) from the NHLBI.

This study was also supported by a Shared Facility contract to T.E. and S.C.

from the New York State Department of Health (NYSTEM C029156). NKX6.1

and NKX2.2 antibodies were provided by University of Iowa Hybridoma

bank. Human islets were provided by The Integrated Islet Distribution Pro-

gram. The plentiCRISPR v2 vector and Puro 2.0 were purchased from Addg-

ene (plasmid no. 52961 and no. 24970). We are also very grateful for technical

support and advice provided by Harold S. Ralph in the Cell Screening Core Fa-

cility and Jason McCormick in the Flow Cytometry Facility at Weill Cornell

Medical College, NY.

Received: December 21, 2015

Revised: April 8, 2016

Accepted: July 1, 2016

Published: August 11, 2016

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